endorse	to sign a bill or cheque on the back to show that its ownership has been passes on to another person
entrepreneur	somebody who sets up a business
exchange rate	the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for that of another country
excise duty	a tax on goods such as alcohol or tobacco
expense	a cost incurred in buying goods or services
fill or kill	to carry out a client's order immediately or else the order is cancelled
financial year	he twelve-month period for which a company produces accounts
fixed asset	a long-term asset such as a machine or building
foreign currency	a currency used in a foreign country
GDP (PKB)	Gross Domestic Product
gnomes of Zurich	a derogatory name for Swiss bankers
go public	to float the shares of a company
go-go fund	a unit trust that trades in high-return and high-risk investments
golden handcuffs	financial incentive paid to employees to remain in an organisation
golden handshake	a sum of money given to a senior executive on his involuntary departure from a company
haggle	to negotiate the price
hard currency	a currency that is traded in a foreign exchange market and for which there is demand
hedge fund	a unit trust that takes considerable risk]
hire purchase	method of paying for a product or service buyer pays a series of instalments over a period of time
hostile bid	a takeover bid that is opposed by the target company
hot issue	a new security that is expected to trade at a significant premium on its issue price
illiquid	not easily convertible into cash
IMF	International Monetary Fund
income tax	tax levied on any income
inflation rate	a rate at which the general price level increases
inheritance tax	tax payable on property inherited after somebody's death
insolvency (niewypłacalność)	the inability to pay debts
interest	the rate that a lender charges for a loan
interim dividend	a dividend whose value is determined on the basis of a period less than a full fiscal year
Internal Revenue Service	tax office (urzad skarbowy)
invoice	document that the supplier sends to a customer detailing the cost of product and requesting payment
joint venture	a project undertaken by two or more parties
ledger	a book in which transactions are recorded
legal tender	banknotes and coins accepted within a given jurisdiction
lessee	the person who uses a leased asset
lessor	the person who provides the asset being leased
loan shark	somebody who lends money at excessively high rates of interest
long-term liabilities	loans that are due after at least one year
majority shareholder	a shareholder with a controlling interest in a company
management buy-out	purchase of existing business by an individual manager or management group from within that business
margin	the difference between the cost and the selling price of a service
market economy	an economy in which a free market in goods and services operates
money	notes and coins
money laundering	the process of making money obtained illegally appear legitimate
mortgage	a credit to finance the acquisition of land and real property
national debt	the total borrowing of a country's government]
near money	assets that can be quickly turned into cash, e.g. bank deposits
NYSE	New York Stock Exchange
overdraft	withdrawal of more money from a bank account than it contains
parent company	a company with one or more subsidiary undertakings
payroll	a record showing each employee his gross pay, deductions and net pay
payslip	a document given to employees when they are paid
pension (emerytura)	money received regularly after retirement]
principal	the original amount of a loan not including interest
profit and loss account	the summary record of a company's sales revenues and expenses over a period
profiteer	an individual who aims to make excessive profits disregarding others
public debt	the money that the government owes
quoted company	companies listed on a stock exchange
red tape	excessive bureaucracy
revenue	the income generated by a product or service
rogue trader	a dealer in stocks and shares who uses illegal methods to make profits
royalities	a proportion of the income from the sales of a product to its creator or owner
salary	form of pay given to employees at regular intervals for the work they have done
savings account	an account with a bank that pays interest
secondary market	a market that trades in existing shares rather than new share issues
share issue	the offering for sale of shares in a business]
shareholder	a person or entity that owns shares in a company
sleeping partner	person or entity that invests money in a company but takes no part in the management of the business
stock exchange	a registered market in securities
take a bath	suffer a serious financial loss
tariff	a government duty imposed on imports
tax evasion	the illegal practice of paying less money in taxes than is due
tax haven	a country that has very low taxes
tiger	ny of the key markets in the Pacific region, except Japan
tight money	a situation where it is expensive to borrow money
treasury	a government department responsible for the nation's financial policies, as well as management econ
turnover	total sales revenue for an accounting period
tyre kicker	a potential customer who asks for information and requires attention but does not buy anything
unemployment	the situation when some members of a country's labour force are willing to work but cannot find emp
unlimited liability	full responsibility for the obligations of a general partnership
unlisted company	a company that has no securities listed on a stock exchange
variable interest rate	an interest rate that changes in relation to a standard index during the period of a loan
VAT	value-added tax
wages	a form of pay given to employees for the work they have done on a weekly basis
wear and tear	the deterioration of a tangible fixed asset as a result of normal use
white elephant	a product or service that has not sold well despite large amounts of money pumped into its developm
white knight	a person or entity liked a company's management who buys the company when a hostile company is tryin
whizz kid	a young, successful person who makes a lot of money in large financial transactions
write-off	a reduction in the recorded value of an asset, usually to zero
yield	a percentage of the amount invested that is the annual income from the investment