commodity	towar
surplus	nadwyżka
deficit	deficyt
balance of trade	bilans handlowy( visible)
balance of payments	bilans płatniczy
self-sufficient	samowystarczalny
autarky	samowystarczalnośc gospodarcza państwa (self-sufficient without foreign trade
protectionism	polityka polegajaca na ograniczeniu importu by chronic własny rynek
factors of production, input	czynniki wytwórcze
raw materials	surowce
division of labour	podziałpracy
economies of scale	efekt skali( savings in unit cost arising from large-scale production
quotas	limity na import, restrictions on the quantity of imports
visible trade (merchandise trade)	trade in raw materials and goods
barter (counter-trade)	handel wymienny( exchange good without using money
domestic industries	rodzimy przemysł
comparative adventage	przewaga komparatywna
tariff	tax charged on import, cło
pro-forma invoice	invoice sent to customers before the good supplies
commercial bill (bill of exchange)	weksel kupiecki, written order instructing someone to pay someone else a certain sum of money on a g
letter of credit	akredytywa, paper issue by buyer's bank as proof that the seller will be paid
bill of lading	list przewozowy, document giving title to goods that act as receipt and a contract to ship them,
receivables	należności
bear the cost	ponosić koszty
factoring	kupowanie dyskontowych długów, selling debts at a discount to someone who will try to collect the de
at a discount	po niższej cenie( sprzedaż weksli)
EXW- ex-works	at the sellers premises, buyer bears all the cost and risk
FCA - free carrier	seller delivers good to carrier named by the buyer
FAS - free alongside ship	this price include transport to the port
FOB - free on board	transport to the port plus loading onto the ship
CFR - cost and freight	seller by by transport and freight but not by insurance
freight/cargo	ładunek na statek/ładunek
CIF - cost, insurance and freight	seller by transport and freight and marine insurence
CPT - carraige paid to	CFR but in transport another than by ship
CIP - carriage and insurance paid	CIF but in translort in land
DAF - delivered at frontier	seller delivers goods to place on the frontier
DES - delivered ex ship	seller deliver goods and make it available to buyer on board the ship
DEQ - delivered ex quay	makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay or wharf
DDP - delivered duty paid	seller delivered the goods to the buyer and pay all cost and insurance
DDU - delivered unpaid	seller pay everything without import charges
wharf ( quay)	nabrzeze
draw up a bill of exchange	sporządzać weksel
acknowledge	potwierdzać
outlet	place where goods are sold, rynek zbytu
distributor	person who that stocks and resell components goods from manufacturers to retailers
end-user	consumer
wholesaler	intermediary who stocks good and delivers them to retailers
elastic price	price which can be change, make low when we sell more goods
distribution channel	all companies and individuals involved in moving good from the producer to the consumer
middleman	intermediary between producer and costumer
customer	person who buys something in a store
consumer	person who usees something
market skimming	charging a high price for a new product
direct cost	sum of price of material and price of labour,
overheads	expenses of operating a business that can't be charged to any one product, process or department
merchant	person who buys goods and sales them on his own account
market penetration	selling new product cheply in order to get a large market
manufacture	produkować
retailer	merchant who sale to the final customer, detalista
improve, go up, increase, take off, rise, grow, shoot up, soar, rocket, jump	wzrosnąć(10)
rocket	wzrosnąć share prices
jump	wzrosnąć the stocks
upturn	poprawa koniunktury
upward trend	koniunktura wzrostowa
increase, growth, upturn, rise, impovement, surge, upsurge, upward trend	wzrost (10)
fall, go down, come down, decline, decrease, slump, slip, plummet, shrink, fall off, drop	spadać, obniżać się , kurczyć(10)
shrink	kurczyć się(ubrania
downturn	pogorszenie koniunktury
downward trend	spadek aktywnosci gospodarczej
fall, decrease, decline, drop, downturn, downward trend	spadek
level off, remain stable, remain constant stagnate, stabilise, stay at the same level	stabilizować się
peak, reach the peak, top out	osiągnąc szczyt, makimum
reach the low point, bottom out	osiągnąć dno, pnkt najmniejszy
recover	wychodzić z kryzysu
considerable, significant, substantial	znaczny
sharp, rapid	gwałtowny
moderate	umiarkowany
slight	nieznaczny, niewielki
abrupt, sudden	nagły
steady	równomierny
gradual	stopniowy
come out of the red	wyjść z długów
depression	kryzys, serious, long-lasting recession
expand	rozwijac sie, rozrastac
boom	period when demand is rising, economy is working to capacity(wydajnoć)
recession	period when economic activity falls and unemployment rises
contract	skurczyć się( the economy