| stark contrast | clearly visible contrast |
| an influx | a great number of people appeared suddenly |
| expatriate | a person that lives outside his country |
| sprawling | widespread, untidy |
| to sprawl | to widespread |
| to send sb sprawling | to make sb lie on the ground |
| to disclose | to make sth appeared |
| hideaway | a place to hide |
| ubiquitous | present almost everywhere |
| the ebb and flow | the fluctuation |
| revenue | income, usually from taxes |
| a smash hit | sth that is suddenly very successful |
| a smasher | a very attractive person |
| spouse | husband/ wife |
| kin | close relative |
| helpings | portions of food |
| to come across | to find sth unexpectedly |
| to give over | to devote to |
| to creep | to move by crawling |
| to inflict | to cause sb to suffer from sth/ to force sb to accept you |
| swarms | of birds |
| shoals | of fish |
| to spurn | to refuce contemptuously |
| to wrinkle | to frown |
| to take on | to undertake |