revise | powtarzać |
cram | wkuwać |
past papers | exam papers from previous years |
memorize | zapamiętywać |
learn off by heart | uczyć się na pamięć |
rote - learning | learning purely by repetition |
mnemonics | trics that can help you remember something |
bury yourself in your books | spend the max. time studying |
know the subject inside out | know the subject completely |
composition | could be just 50-100 words, often used to refer to children's work |
essay | longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or thousands of words |
assignment | a long essay, often part of a course, usually thousands of words |
project | like an assignment, but emphasis on student's own material and topic |
portfolio | a collection of individual pieces of work, not necessarily written |
dissertation | rozprawa; a long, research - based work, 10 - 15,000 words, for a degree or diploma |
thesis | a very long, original, research - based work, perhaps 80 - 100,000 words, for a higher degree |
mind - map | mapa myśli |
first draft | first, rough version of an essay |
write up | przepisać na czysto |
plagiarism | plagiat |
deadline | date by which you must hand in the work |
submit | przedstawić, złożyć, oddać (1 słowo) |
hand in | przedstawić, złożyć, oddać (2 słowa) |
assess | evaluate and give a grade |
feedback | comments from the teacher / tutor |
carry out research | do research |
academic journals | magazyny akademickie |
papers / articles | artykuły |
inter - library loan | a system where libraries exchange books etc. with one another |
drop out | leave the course before the end |
finals | the last exams before receiving a degree |
fall behind with your studies | find yourself far behind other students |
breeze through the exams | do exams calmly and efficiently |
get the hang of something | understand something |
my mind went blank | my mind became empty |
equality of opportunity | everyone has the same chances |
selective schooling | pupils take exams for entry |
comprehensive schooling | everyone enters without exams |
elitism | when you favour a small, privileged group |
inherent in | existing as a basic part of something |
league tables | lists of schools from the best down to the worst |
perpetuate | make something continue forever |
two - tier system | a system with two separate levels, one of which is better than the other |
better - off | richer |
well - endowed | receiving a lot of money in grants, gifts from rich people etc. |
depressing | reducing |
less well - off | poorer |
excel | achieve an excellent standard |
schooling | education received at school |
the three Rs | reading, writing, arithmetic |
reading, writing, arithmetic | the three Rs |
literacy | the ability to read |
numeracy | the ability to count / do basic maths |
curriculum reform | changes in the educational programme |
lifelong / continuing education | education for all ages |
mature students | adult students older than the average students |
special needs education | education for children who can't learn in the normal way |
one - to - one | one teacher and one pupil |
bully | frighten, threaten |
Parent - Teach Association | a group consisting of teachers abd parents who meet regularly |
school governors | group which oversees all the business at school |
supply teacher | teacher who works in a school when needed |
peripatetic teacher | teacher who works in different schools and travels between them |
label | przypiąć etykietkę |
divisive | dzielący |
privileged | uprzywilejowany |
spontaneity | spontaniczność |
inferiority complex | kompleks niższości |
skip | opuścić stronę |
skim | "omieść wzrokiem" stronę |
flip through | przekartkować |
look up a dictionary | sprawdzić w słowniku ? |
dip into | przeglądać (np. książkę) |
browse | wyszukiwać (w liście) |
wade through | Kielawski -,- przedzierać się przez tekst |
peruse | czytać dokładnie, studiować |
read from cover to cover | czytać od deski do deski |
acknowledgements | podziękowania |
chronology | chronologia |
appendix | dodatek |
glossary | słownik |
blurb | notatka reklamowa |
frontispiece | rysunek na stronie tytułowej |
contents | zawartość |
dedication | dedykacja |
key | klucz odpowiedzi |
footnotes | przypisy |
vocational training | szkolenie zawodowe |
stand - in | zastępstwo |
opposite number | a person who does the same job |
working relationship | communication and cooperation |
good rapport | good communication |
workmates | informal - colleagues |
talk shop | informal - talk about work |
hierarchical | a structure with more powerful and less powerful people |
pecking - order | a system where some people have the right to get promotion before the others |
job - share | each person has a 50% contract for the same job |
clock in and clock out | use an electronic card to record the time you arrive and leave |
9 - to - 5 job | stałe godziny pracy |
work flexi - time / be on flexi - time | mieć elastyczne godziny pracy |
teleworker | telepracownik |
do shift work / be a shift worker | pracować na zmiany |
self - employment | samozatrudnienie |
be freelance / work freelance | być niezależnym, pracować w wielu różnych miejscach |
meet a deadline | have something finished by a fixed day or time |
heavy workload | amount of work to do |
day shift | dzienna zmiana |
mechanical | you don't have to think about what you're doing |
repetitive | the same thing every day |
knock off | finish work, informal |
glamorous | exciting, admired |
irregular and antisocial hours | hours that don't enable one to have a normal social life |
stuck behind a desk | cz. przeszły?; stay in an office all day |
stress level | poziom stresu |
be stuck in a rut | stuck in a job you can't escape from |
dead - end job | job with no prospects of promotion |
paperwork | praca papierkowa |
manual work | hard and physical work |
vocational work | work which helps people |
assembly - line worker | pracownik produkcji taśmowej |
shop steward | przedstawiciel związków zawodowych w fabryce |
PR officer | rzecznik prasowy |
lifeguard | ratownik wodny |
trawlerman | rybak na jakiejś specjalnej łodzi |
private eye | prywatny detektyw |
refuse collector | wywożący śmieci |
achiever | a person determined to succeed and acheve great things |
(Pound) 30 k | thirty thousand pounds |
basic | guaranteed minimum salary without overtime or bonuses |
eager | chętny |
drive | strong motivation |
rewarding | giving you a lot back |
close - knit | working in a close relationship |
diverse | of different types |
sales experience | experience in selling things |
fit the description | have proper qualities |
lucrative | producing a lot of money |
motivated and eager person | osoba chętna i pełna motywacji |
to seek a cereer in | chcieć dostać posadę, zrobić karierę w... |
to | to look ... work in sth |
maternity / paternity leave | urlop macierzyński, ojcowski |
perks | informal. extra things apart from salary |
extra benefits | formal. extra things apart from salary |
holiday entitlement | uprawnienie do urlopu |
salary increments | increases / rises of the salary |
reach / hit a glass ceiling | reach a level where you can't get further promotion even if you deserve it |
overworked | ... and underpaid |
underpaid | overworked and ... |
to be snowed under | być zawalonym papierkową robotą |
to be demoted | być zdegradowanym |
to be passed over for promotion | być pominiętym przy promocjach |
to get turned down for a job | nie zostać przyjętym do pracy |
to be short - listed for a job | być na ostatecznej liście kandydatów do pracy |
to be a high - flyer | mieć szanse na sukces |
lumberjack | drwal |
conductor | dyrygent |
blacksmith | kowal |
carpenter | cieśla |
rake | grabie |
hose | wąż strażacki |
plane | hebel |
axe | topór |
baton | batuta |
stethoscope | stetoskop |
rolling pin | wałek do ciasta |
anchor | kotwica |
whip | bat |
spanner | klucz maszynowy |
exposure meter | światłomierz |
anvil | kowadło |
lapel | klapa (w marynarce) |
vent | odpowietrznik |
flared | poszerzany ku dołowi |
tapered | zwężany |
tailor | krawiec |
carrier bag | reklamówka |
cashier | kasjer |
rector | proboszcz |
constructively | konstruktywnie |
aimless | bezcelowy |
regimentation | poddanie się dyscyplinie |
initiative | inicjatywa |
aspire | dążyć do czegoś |
solicitor | radca prawny |
conditioned | przyzwyczajony |
fulfilment | satysfakcja |
auxiliary worker | robotnik pomocniczy |
chiropodist | pedikiurzysta |
barrister | prawnik |
dog - breeder | hodowca psów |
piano - tuner | stroiciel pianin |
optician | optyk |
scrap metal dealer | handlarz złomem |
merchant | kupiec, handlowiec |
window installer | "wstawiacz" okien |
moving company | firma przewozowa |
welder | spawacz |
would - be | niedoszły |
time and a half | pay for a job with half the usual pay added on to it |
travel allowance | a sum allowed for travel |
Christmas bonus | świąteczny dodatek |
well - off | dobrze wyposażony |