| to teeter on the brink of extinction | to be very close to a very unpleasant or dangerous situation |
| deep in the outback | deep in the area |
| rudimentary (knowledge) | not highly or fully developed (podstawowy) |
| to encode (information) | to change ordinary language into letters, symbols, etc in order to send secret messages |
| remedy | a treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not very serious (lekarstwo) |
| uncharted (ocean) | that has not been visited or investigated before, not familiar |
| annihilation | destruction (unicestwienie) |
| to undertake (individual research) | to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it |
| concise (way) | giving only the information that is necessary and important, using few words (zwięzły) |
| forseeable (future) | when you can predict what is going to happen, based on circumstances, predictable (do przewidzenia) |
| become bewildered by sth | to be confused by sth |
| to displace (local languages) | to take the place of sb/sth (zastąpić) |
| to anticipate | to expect sth |
| to trail sth | to pull sth behind sb/sth |
| predominance | the situation of being greater in number or amount (przewaga) |
| a proliferation | the sudden increase in the number or amount of sth - rozprzestrzenianie |
| to restructure | to organize sth such as system in a new, different way |
| (words of) consolation | a person or thing that makes u feel better when u are unhappy or disappointed (pocieszenie, ukojenie |
| rebuttal (points) | false (?), refutation (odparte, obalone) |
| refute (arguments) | to prove that sth is wrong (odpierać, obalać) |
| to ride the crest of globalization | the top part of a hill or wave |
| pitfall | a danger or difficulty, one that is hidden or not obvious at first (pułapka) |
| to underscore | to underline (podkreślać) |
| precedent | act/decision/case that has happened in the past and is a guide for subsequent situations (uprzedni) |
| unequivocal | having only one possible meaning or interpretation (jednoznaczny) |
| to uproot | to pull a tree, plan, etc. out of the ground (wyrwać z korzeni) |
| scholar | person who knows a lot about a particular subject because they have studied it in detail (uczony) |
| endeavour | an attempt to do sth, especially sth new or difficult (wysiłek) |
| to consolidate dominance | to make a position of power or success stronger so it is more likely to continue |
| to scold | to find fault with angrily |
| in an easy conspiracy | in a secret way |
| aloof (voice) | at a distance in feeling or interest, indifferent (powściągliwy) |
| rapid-fire | characterized by, delivered or ocurring in rapid succession |
| sibilant | making an "s" or "sh" sound (syczący) |
| to eavesdrop | to listen secretly to what people are saying (podsłuchiwać) |
| emotional resonance | form of agreement or sympathy, between the emotions that someone else is expressing, and your own |
| peddler | a person who in the past travelled from place to place trying to sell small objects (handlarz) |
| gleaming | shining brightly (błyszczący) |
| to wallow | to lie and roll anout water or mud, to keep cool or for pleasure |
| nuanced (sounds) | a subtle difference or distinction in color, tone, expression, meaning etc |
| rigidly | strictly (surowo) |
| to play hopscotch | grać w klasy |
| daffodils | żonkile |
| confied to the stark | limited completely |
| conversely | in a way that is opposite or reverse of sth |
| awkward jumble of sth | a weird combination |
| voices lodged in my heart | stored in |
| tedious | lasting or takin too long and not interesting (żmudny) |
| disorted (experience) | zniekształcony |
| mimicry | the action or skill of being able to copy the voice, movements etc of others |
| to bequeath | to say in a will that you want sb to have your properties after you die, to pass on by last will |
| potted (banana tree) | planted in a pot |
| to splash in the ponds | pluskać się w stawie |
| to relive what is lost | przeżyć ponownie to, co stracone |
| dostinctive (exclamation) | having a quality or characteristic that makes sth different and easily noticed (charakterystyczny) |
| incessant (heat) | never stopping (nieustający) |
| to instill (an inferiority complex) | to infuse slowly or gradually into the mind or feelings |
| painstakingly (to master English) | with a lot of care, effort and attention to details |
| verbalization | expressing something in words |
| sluggish | moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal (almost like lazy) s (spowolniony) |
| tumultous | very loud, involving strong feelings (approval)(gromki)/conducted with disorder, confusion(burzliwy) |
| indigenous | belonging to a particular place |
| mind-boggling | intelectually or emotionally overwhelming (niewyobrażalny, ogromny) |
| abruptly | suddenly and unexpectedly, often in unpleasant way (nagle) |
| dental fricative | głoska szczelinowa |
| to employ (intonation) | to make use of (means, skills, methods etc) |
| to admonish sb for sth | to tell sb firmly that you do not approve of sth they have done |
| commercial and financial hub | the center, focus of activity |
| to bemoan | to express distress or grief over (opłakiwać)/to regard with regret or disapproval |
| laconic | using only few words to say sth (zwięzły) |
| to engulf | to surround or to cover sth completely (pochłaniać) |
| feverish | excited, restless or uncontrolled as if from fever |
| marvels | wonderful things (cuda) |
| one major hurdle | jedna wielka przeszkoda |
| to be a little weary of sth | to be tired or exhausted by sth |
| to ridicule | to make sb look silly by making fun of him |
| to aggravate | to make a bad siutiation worse (pogarszać) |
| quirkiness | a strange attitude or habit |
| livelihood | a means of earning money in order to live (środki utrzymania) |
| knowledgeable | knowing a lot, well informed |