| derivation | origin, first meaning of a word |
| fraught with sth | full of sth |
| to snuffle | to make sniffling noises |
| to fizz | to produce bubbles |
| secluded | far away from commotion |
| to convenue | to gather in one place |
| by all accounts | according to what everybody says |
| to taunt | to try to provoke sb by critical remarks |
| jittery | a feeling of stress |
| underlying | forming the basis for sth |
| to lash out on sth | to spend money freely and extravagantly |
| to shy away | to avoid |
| to warrant | to guarantee, to deserve |
| prevalent | present almost everywhere |
| exclusionary | evolving exclusions |
| landmark study | a very important stage in some field |
| to entangle | to cause sth to become twisted |
| entanglement | an instance of being involved, entangled |
| to vacillate | to sway/ to change one's emotions |
| concurrent with sth | happening or existing in the same time |
| to that end | for that purpose |
| to defuse | to make sth harmless/ to reduce the dangerous tension |
| to dwarf | to make sth seem smaller |
| to carry a tune | to sing sth only by listening it |
| to root for sb | to cheer for sb/ to be happy with sb |
| angst | fear |
| to portend | to be a sing or a warning |
| to unnerve sb | to cause sb to lose self-control |
| cipher | a person/a thing of no importance |
| to tailor sth to sth | to adapt sth for particular needs |