legislation/ legislator/ to legislate | law-making |
constituents/ constituency | ppl who elected one MP |
MPs | Members of Parliament |
assiduously | wytrwale/ pracowicie |
lobbies/ to lobby | interest groups who try to influence MPs |
corporations/ to corporate | large companies |
Institute of Directors | organisation of top business ppl |
ministers | MPs with top responsibilities |
civil servants | ppl employed in government departments (the Civil Service) |
lobbyists | ppl who lobby |
Chancellor of the Exchequer | finance minister (in UK) |
annual budget | yearly financial plan (of tax, rates..) |
petitions/ petitioner | formal requests often signed by lots of ppl |
tax concessions / to concede | reductions in taxes |
producers/ productive/ mass-produced | manufacturers |
centralised/ centralisation | concentrated in one central organisation |
close-knit | with close ties to each other |
well-funded | with plenty of financial support |
consumers | ppl who use/buy products |
fragmented | separate, not centralised |
Friends of the Earth | large environmental organisation |
Child Poverty Action Group | large organisation helping children |
paid-up members | ppl who have paid their membership fees/ committed members |
deputations | ppl sent to speak for a group |
counter | oppose |
grievances | complaints about unfair treatment |
appeal to | request support from |
to scatter | rozpraszać/ rozpędzać |
to conceal | ukrywać |
to pressurise | tr to force someone to do sth |
to influence (public opinion) | to affect |
assiduously | showing hard work or attention to detail |
climax (to reach the climax) | most important and exciting point |
press for | to argue in favour of |
close-knit (community) | tightly connected |
backstairs (pressures, influences) | hidden from the public |
relentlessly | without stopping |
to intimidate (to be intimidated into doing sth) | to frighten or threaten sb |
to encircle (the enemy camp) | to surround |