scribble	write quickly, without much care
jot down/make a note of	inf/fml write sth down to remember it
copy out	copy in writing
write down	copy in writing what is spoken
write up	make a proper written text based on notes
first draft	first attempt at writing something
manuscript	original handwritten version
doodling	drawing and writing irrelevant things on the paper in front of you
typescript/manuscript	typed text
format	create the page as it will appear when printed
cut and paste/copy and paste	move text from one place to another using a word processor
shaded box	zacieniowana ramka
in bold	pogrubiony
be italicised / in italics	napisany kursywą
font size	rozmiar czcionki
typeface	czcionka
bullet	kropka (punktory)
asterisk	*
indent	wcięcie (w tekście)
double inverted commas/quotation marks	" "
single quotation marks/quotes	' '
round brackets	()
diamond/angle brackets	<>
square brackets	[]
chain/curly brackets	{}
capitals/upper case	QWERTY
small letters/lower case	qwerty
block capitals	wielkie, drukowane litery
subtitle	podtytuł
chapter heading	nagłówek/tytuł rozdziału
sub-heading	podtytuł
reiterate	stale powtarzać
reiteration	powtórzenie
epitomise	V być typowym przykładem
expound	wykładać, rozprawiać; develop propose
epitome	N typowy przykład
underscore	emphasize
posite	suggest as a basic fact/principle
attempt to account for sth	attempt to find the cause of sth
comprise/make up ... of	zawierać, obejmować, składać się z (Jap visitors ... 70% of guests.)
to be comprised of	to be composed of (The course .... two elements: reading and writing)
subsume	bring together, unite
embrace	cover, include (The book... a number of issues)
categorise	label sth as belonging to a particular type or class
categorization	categorize -> noun
preface	opatrywać przedmową, rozpoczynać
preface	wstęp, przedmowa
map out	zaplanować
return to sth	wrócić do czegoś
This brings us to the next area of discussion	To prowadzi nas do kolejnej dziedziny w tej dyskusji
address	skierować, postawić (np. pytanie)
ascending/descending order of importance	pod względem ważnośc (wzrastająco/malejąco)
allude to	nawiązywać do czegoś
allusion	nawiązanie do czegoś
cite	przytoczyć, zacytować
citation	cytat
Sth is beyond the scope of this essay	coś wykracza poza (kompetencje) tego eseju
deal with sth	uporać się/ zajmować się czymś
touch upon sth	dotknąć czegoś, poruszyć coś (w eseju)
We are forced to conclude that...	Prowadzi nas to do niezaprzeczalnego wniosku, że...
I honestly think	not: I strongly think
I'll give it some thought	zastanowić się nad czymś
Bear in mind that	remember that
It's common knowledge that	Everyone knows that
grasp the importance of	understand how important something is
I take the view that	I believe that
It's a foregone conclusion that	It's absolutely certain that
rough idea	general idea
subscribe to the theory	hold that opinion
widespread belief	generally held view
Opinions are divided as to whether ... or not	People hold different views
It is my firm conviction	I am totally convinced
I am becoming aware	not: I am getting aware
judge sb harshly	to be very critical of someone
poor judgement	błędny osąd, zła ocena
pass judgement on	criticise (... other people)
against your better judgement	wbrew zdrowemu rozsądkowi
a lack of judgement	an inability to judge a situation wisely
error of judgement	bad decision
think laterally	approach a probl. in an imaginative way rather than using traditional app.
have a fertile imagination	to produce lots of original and interesting ideas
wrestle with a problem	struggle to find a solution
nagging doubt	an unpleasant feeling of doubt that will not go away
sth fuelling speculation	encouraging people to consider that sth may be true
jump to conclusions	guess the facts about a situation without having enough information
personal conviction	osobiste przekonanie
harshly treated	surowo traktowany
submit a report	przedstawić sprawozdanie
present one's findings	zaprezentować wnioski
select a research topic	wybrać temat badań
working hypothesis	a theory which can be used provisionally byt may change
support the hypothesis	not: prove the hypothesis
undertake a study	<- fml. carry out/ do (infml) a study
research ethics	a system of standards which control how research is done
literature review	analiza literatury
background reading	lektury uzupełniające
in-depth critique	examination and judgement of something, done carefully and in great detail
provide a rationale	give... podać powody, przesłanki
back up your conclusions with evidence	potwierdzić swoje wnioski dowodami
lay out you results in the form of tables	przedstawić wyniki w formie tabel
vigorous defence	very strong and forceful defence
make a good case for sth	dowodzić słuszności czegoś
confront issues	stawać wobec kwestii..
put the case for	??
tackle the issues that opponents have raised	blokować/zbijać pewne argumenty przeciwników
exhaustive account	extremely detailed account
indicate	wykazywać (nadanie wykazują)
formulate new theories	tworzyć nowe teorie
test theories	sprawdzać, czy teorie są prawdziwe
cover a lot of ground	przebyć kawał drogi; omówić wiele spraw; obejmować wachlarz spraw
full explanation	całkowite wyjaśnienie
the thrust of one's argument	the main idea or opinion that is discussed
first-hand knowledge	sth experienced directly
critical analysis	a detailed study or examination which assesses quality
assess	oceniać
do research	not: make research
advocate	to argue in favour of sth
deduce	reach a conclusion by thinking carefully about the known
infer	to reach a conclusion indirectly
complement	combine well with sth - each piece of work becomes more effective
overlap	partially cover the same material
empirical	based on what is observed rather than theory
ambiguous	open to different interpretations
coherent	logically structured
comprehensive	covering all that is relevant
authoritative	thorough and expert
arbitrary	based on chance rather than a plan or any particular reason
deviate from the norm	to be different from what is typical
distort (the picture)	give a false impression
incidence	if you refer to... of sth, you are talking about how often in occurs in the population
predominant	the largest in number
in sequence	in a particular order
widespread	sth happens in many places or with many people
append	to add (at the end)
conceive	think up; wymyślić
contradict	to go against
convene	meet; zwoływać, zbierać się
demonstrate	show
denote	be a sign of, stand for
negate	make useless, wipe out
perceive	see
reside	lie, live
trigger	to cause
utilise	use
converse	the opposite
crucial	very important
likewise	similalry
notwithstanding	despite this
somewhat	rather; nieco
thereby	in this way; tym samym, w ten sposób
whereby	by which (method)