| to crank out | to produce sth with effort or without care |
| to mock | to ridicule |
| to condition sth to sb | to train or educate sb to do sth |
| the lure of sth | sth that tempts you |
| utility | an instance of being useful |
| tenacious | keeping a firm hold of sth |
| to look up | to improve gradually |
| virulent | extremely harmful, deadly/ hostile |
| intractable | that cannot be solved |
| scourge | plague/ sth/sb that causes suffering |
| to eradicate | to annihilate, to root out |
| dismay | a feeling of shock or discouragement |
| regimen | a set of rules |
| to tame | ? |
| arduous | requiring much effort |
| to proliferate | to multiply |
| quiescent | inactive, quiet, passive |
| ? | a situation when one's force is neutralized or countered by each other |
| to wall off | to separate or enclose with a wall |
| to abase | to lower, humiliate |
| to abash | to embarass |
| to abate | to subside/ to decrease, to lessen |
| aberrant | abnormal, deviant |
| to abbreviate | to shorten |
| to abdicate | to renounce, to give up |
| to abet | to aid, usually in doing sth wrong/ to encourage |
| abeyance | a state of being suspended |
| to abhor | to hate, to detest |
| abject | wretched, lacking pride |
| to abjure | to renounce upon oath |
| ablution | washing |
| abnegation | repudiation, self-sacrifice |
| to abolish | to cancel, to put an end to sth |
| abominable | detestable, extremely unpleasant, very bad |
| aboriginal | primitive, native/ being the first of its kind in a region |
| abortive | unsuccessful, fruitless |
| to abrade | to wear away by friction/ to scrape/ to wade |
| abrasive | rubbing away/ tending to grind down/ annoying |
| to abridge | to condense or shorten |
| to abrogate | to abolish |
| to abscond | to depart secretly and hide |
| absolute | complete/ totally unlimited, certain |
| to absolve | to pardon an offence |
| to abstain | to refrain, to hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice |