| futile | useless |
| sporadic | from time to time |
| furtive | slight and secret |
| inconsequential | of no consequences |
| folly | foolishness |
| modesty | an instance of being modest, self-effacing |
| admonishment | reprimending, scolding |
| invigorating | refreshing |
| to overrate | to value too much |
| innocuous | harmless |
| derogatory | insulting |
| beautician | sb who works in a beauty saloon |
| artisan | a skilled worker |
| adulatory | flattering |
| to make sb redundant | to dismiss, to fire |
| reprehensible | critical |
| to reprehend | to criticise, to rebuke sb's behaviour |
| to repent | to feel regret |
| inherent | innate, belonging naturally |
| inexplicable | that cannot be explained |
| philistines | uncultural people are called this |
| paragons | people who can serve as an example |
| an apologist | sb who defends sth by logical arguments |
| intrusive | that wants to know too much about others' affairs |
| urbane | well-mannered |
| belligerent | aggressive, ready to fight |
| remorseless | without mercy or pity |
| intermittently | stopping and beginning again |
| heterogeneous | of many kinds |
| homogeneous | of one kind |
| fragmentary | not covering the whole thing |
| to ostracise | to exclude from a group |
| to harass sb | to do things to make sb stressed |
| a war of atrition | a process of gradually weakening sb's strength |
| subversion | revenge |
| sycophant | sb who flatters excessively |
| novice | sb who has just started working in a firm |
| zealot | enthusiast |
| dilletante | sb who is not interested in learning things thoroughly |
| to allot | to assign, to apportion, to allocate |
| parsimony | an instance of being tight-fisted |
| equivocal | dubious, ambiguous |
| self-opinionated | holding strong views and unlikely to change them |
| maelstrom | a state of violent confusion |
| torpor | an instance of being sluggish, inactive, dull |
| conflagration | a great, destructive fire |
| indolent | lazy |
| iridescent | changing colours |
| obdurate | stubborn |
| unwonted | not customary |
| veracious | truthful |
| to distort | to misrepresent |
| to nurture | to bring up and educate |
| truculence | defiance |
| unbiased | neutral |
| acquiescence | an instance of accepting without protesting |
| impartial | not taking sides |
| precarious | happening by chance |
| negligible | that can be ignored |
| to dwindle | to become fewer or less |
| formidable | challenging/ imposing, great, large |