| to stand up | to defense oneself, to oppose |
| to subsume | to include sth in a particular group or class |
| to subjugate | to subdue, to conquer |
| to bring down | to overthrow |
| an aptitude for sth | a natural ability |
| to see through | to realize the real intention |
| to oversee | to supervise |
| to overlook | not to include, to treat sth as negligible |
| prefabricated | manufactured in sections |
| predominant | main, major, prevalent, felt by everyone |
| pre-eminent | distinguished, famous |
| unpalatable | not pleasant to one's mind or taste |
| unmanageable | difficult to curb, unruly |
| inedible | that cannot be eaten |
| to initiate | to start, to commence |
| to eulogise | to praise in speech or writing |
| to double as | to serve as |
| to annihilate | to destroy completely, to wipe out |
| to lay into sb | to attack violently |
| to run counter to sth | to go in opposite direction |
| to be on tenterhooks | to be impatient while waiting for sth |
| to be at loggerheads | to disagree, to be at odds with sb |
| to branch out | to expand |
| to vie | to compete |