a loan shark | a person who lends funds at illegal or exorbitant rates of interest | |
avarage/mean wage | średnia pensja | |
standing order | an instruction to a bank by a depositor to pay a stated sum at regular intervals | |
direct debit | an order given to a bank instructing it to pay to a specified person any sum they demanded | |
current account | an account at a bank against which cheques may be drawn at any time | |
peer-to-peer | designed so that computers can send information directly to one another | |
advertising agencies | companies that design advertising for clients | |
campaign | advertising of a product during a particular period of time | |
brief | a statement of objectives | |
target | a defined set of customers whoose need a company plans to satisfy | |
ad spending | the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its advertising | |
sample | a small amount of a product given to customers to encourage them to try it | |
viral marketing | trying to get consumers to forward an online marketing message to other people | |
deposit account | a bank account that earns interest and usually requires notice of withdrawal | |
mortgage | a loan to buy property | |
an overdraft | a possibility to borrow money by sending more than you have in your bank account | |
deposit | money placed in a bank | |
capital | the money invested in a business | |
merger | when one company combines with another one | |
takeover bid | when one company offers to buy or acquire another one | |
stockbroking | buying and selling stocks or shares for clients | |
portfolio management | all the invesments owned by an individual | |
return | profit made on investments | |
conglomerate | a group of companies, operting in different fields, which have joined together | |
interests | the price paid to the lenders for borrowing money | |
credit rating | estimates of people's ability to fulfil their financial commitments | |
default | failure to repay a loan | |
collateralized | security pledged for the repayment of a loan | |
cash flow | the money generated by an investment | |
write off | cancel a bad debt or a worthless assets | |
competitive advantage | a business concept describing attributes that allow an organization to outperform its competitors | |
sustainable | able to continue over a period of time | |
sales forecast | the sales businesses expect to achieve in a particular period of time | |
break-even point | where total costs equal total income from sales and the company makes neither a profit nor a loss | |
total revenue | total income received before any expenses are paid | |
exit strategy | an investor's plan for getting their investment back and potentially realizing a profit | |
statement | an account containing a summary of bills or invoices and displaying the total amount due | |
shares | certificates representing part-ownership of a company | |
bonds | certificates of debt issued by goverments to raise money | |
deregulation | the ending or relaxing of legal restrictions | |
cash flow | the money a company receives minus the money it spends during a certain period | |
equity | part ownership of a company in the form of stocks or shares | |
mutual funds | funds operated by investment companies that invest people's money in various assets | |
pension funds | funds that invest money that will be paid to people after they retire from work | |
principal | the amount of capital making up a bond or other loan | |
maturity | the lenght of time for which bond is issued (until it is repaid) | |
coupon | the amount of interest that a bond pays | |
insolvent | unable to pay debts | |
creditors | people or institutions to whom money is owed | |
dividends | payments by companies to their shareholders | |
market makers | businesses that buy and sell securities | |
bid price | the price at which a buyer is prepared to buy a security at a particular price | |
offer price | the price at which a seller is prepared to sell a security at a particular time | |
yield | the rate of income an investor receives from a security | |
debt financing | raising money for capital by selling bonds, bills or notes | |
equity financing | sale of an ownership interest to raise funds for business | |