| due to (z powodu) | his absence was...illness. |
| due to (z powodu) | the mistake was...negligence. |
| due to/owing to (z powodu/ponieważ) | ...illness I have had to cancel the meeting. |
| by virtue of (z tytułu) | she was awarded the post...her outstanding qualifications. |
| out of (z) | he stood up...respect for the old man. |
| attributable to (związane z) | his death was...alcoholism. |
| in the face of (w obliczu) | ...universal condemnation he has decided to resign. |
| given (zważywszy na) | how could Charles and Diana make their coronation-vows,...their farce of a marriage? |
| on account of (z powodu) | they were given the contract...their good reputation. |
| owing to (ponieważ/dzięki) | environmental pollution has much intensified...industry. |
| owing to (ponieważ/dzięki) | ...so many problems a coherent policy will be difficult to formulate. |
| by virtue of (z tytułu) | Indian women often stand out...their grace and beauty. |
| out of (z) | many people go to church only...habit, a sense of duty, or a desire to conform. |
| on account of (z powodu) | ...the economic situation, an increae in wages cannot be expected. |
| owing to (ponieważ/dzięki) | ...bad weather conditions the football-match has been put off till next week. |
| consequent upon (wynikający z) | Lloyds does not pay compensation for any damage...war. |
| because of (ze względu na) | they succeeded...the excellent supporting staff. |
| because of (ze względu na) | California is a magnificant part of the world...all the beautiful country to be found there. |
| attributable to (związany z) | Mozart's death is...a variety of factors. |
| by reason of (z tytułu) | he was given a "golden handshake"...his long years of service. |
| given (zważywszy na) | ...her past failures she is unlikely to be the person to solve this problem. |
| by virtue of (z tytułu) | she got to the top...her remarkable talents. |
| considering (zważywszy/wobec/biorąc pod uwagę) | ...all his objective difficulties, it is amazing how Shostakovitch composed anything at all,.. |
| owing to (ponieważ/dzięki) | ...power-shortages classes have been cancelled until further notice. |
| in the face of (w obliczu) | ...enormous pressure from the international community the government had no choice but to back down. |
| due to (z powodu) | the delay was...a traffic jam in the centre of town. |
| in the face of (w obliczu) | ...mounting problems, he has decided to call a referendum. |
| owing to (ponieważ/dzięki) | his driving license was endorsed...drunken driving. |
| out of (z) | it was really only...politeness that he bothered to attend the celebrations. |
| owing to (ponieważ/dzięki) | ...the general snail's pace of fraud proceedings in the UK, it is not suprising that.. |
