smart building	computer-controlled buildings
virtual reality	computer-generated experiences that feel like the real thing
interactive TV	TV set where you can choose exactly what to watch and when
interplanetary travel	travel to plantes in outer space
e-commerce	doing business via the internet
doomsday scenario	the worst possible prediction
gridlock	unable to move at all
genetic modification	changing genes
genetically modified food	food created by changing the genes of the ingrediens
genetic engineering	making artifical changes to the genetic structure of organism
gene therapy	changing genes in order to prevent disease
the human genome	the index of all the genes in a human being
designer baby	a baby whose genetic characteristics are artificially created
cloning	making a genetically identical copy
nuclear family	family with father, mother and one or two children
to globalise	to cover the whole world
a global village	a single community covering the whole world
extraterrestrial beings	creatures from other planets
a gulf	gap/difference
extensive	(niesamowicie czy cuś) use with: traffic-free routs; educational facilities and other
spacious	(ma dużo przestrzeni acz to adjective) used with: garden; about city;
roomy	(przestrzenny)used with: a car, a house
rambling	(tak wielkie cuś że aż powala) used with: a building; a mansion
wide open spaces	large areas without buildings
to be scattered	covered a wide area
spread out	not close to one another
cramped	ciasny
poky	przyciasny, ciasnawy
congested	zatłoczony, zapchany (o korku, ulicach etc)
compact	kompaktowy, ścisły, spójny
to be hemmed in	surrounded by people and not able to move
not enough room to swing a cat	a flat is veeery small
to be packed in like sardines	too many people in a small place
labyrinth	vast and complex
claustrophobia	fear of confined spaces
agoraphobia	fear of open spaces
to be crammed into	jechać w tłoku, ścisku i ogólnie niczym bydełko
squeeze in	wcisnąć się
incarcerated	być uwięzionym
to stuff something in	wpakować coś
once in a blue moon	(o spotkaniu) very infrequently
to spend all somebody's born days in	all sombody's life
in a mo / in a sec / in a tick / in less than no time / in a jiffy	very soon
for yonks / for donkey's years / since the year dot	for a long time
till the cows come home / till hell freezes over	forever
for keeps	np o książce, że dostało się ja 'na zawsze'
in the nick of time	only just in time
to be over the hill / past it	to be too old
a has-been	about person who is no longer famous
in a flash / at a rate of knots	very quickly
fleeting	[adj] brief or quick; collocations: glimpse/visit/smile/moment/appearance
transient	[adj] lasting for only a short time; collocations: effeft/population/feeling/pleasure
persistent	[adj] lasting for a long time or hard to stop or get rid of; collocations: cough/problems/rumour/...
inexorable	[adj] continuing without hope of being stopped; collocations: rise/slide/pressure
incipient	[adj] just begining; collocations: frustration/rage
pristine	[adj] unchanged from its original condition; collocations: condition/beach/image
protracted	[adj] lasting for a long time or made to last longer; collocations: negotiations/discussion/argument
lingering	[adj] taking a long time to leave or disappear; collocation: perfume/kiss/smile
limp	[v] uneven (<-nierówny a słówko: utykać)
hobble	[v] awkward (kuleć)
stagger	[v] unsteady (słaniać się)
stumble	[v] nearly falling (potknąć się)
lurch	[v] sudden or irregular (zataczać się)
tiptoe	[v] quiet and on toes (na paluszkach)
amble	[v] easy, gentle (spacerkować sobie)
stride	[v] long steps (iść zamaszyście vel kroczyć)
strut	[v] proud with chest held out (iść dumnie)
tramp	[v] firm, heavy steps
trample	[v] pressing repeatedly with feet (deptać)
stamp	[v] pushing foot down heavily (tupać albo ciężko stąpać)
trudge	[v] heavy, slow, with difficulty (człapać)
chase	[v] quickly (ganiać)
staggeringly	[adv] amazingly
to take something in someone stride	takes...calmly
flowed	movement of crowds
spilled (out)	że np dzieciaki się rozbiegły
to pour	napływać ( np że ludzie przez cały dzień napływali do galerii)
to meander	kręcić się np po mieście
unprecedented	never having happened before
to mind my Ps and Qs	make an effort to be polite
elders and betters	people older than you
courtesy	politeness (adj=courteous)
prim and starchy	very formal and correct (straid-laced, prissy)
etiquette	formal rules of behaviour
gentlemanly / ladylike	polite in a rather formal way
social graces	polite behaviour
the done thing	informal phrase for 'socially acceptable behaviour'
oiling the wheels of	making easier
offhand	casual, slightly rude
ceremony	insist on formal behaviour
flutter your eyelashes	flirting
raise your eyebrows	surprise or shock (either showing or causing)
twitch	nervousness (drżeć, trząść się)
flinch	pain or fear (wzdrygnąć się)
squirm	embarassment or nervousness (wiercić się)
smirk	self-satisfaction (uśmiechnąć się z satysfakcją)
beam	happiness (uśmiechać się promiennie)
sniff at something	disaproval (mieć wyrąbane)
snort	disgust or great amusement (parsknąć, prychnąć)
titter	nervousness or embarassment (chichot)
silent	without noise or not talking; used for people and things that are surprisingly quiet
quiet	without much noise or activity or not talking much
noiseless	without noise; used as an adverb in formal or literary style
soundless	without sound; used as and adverb in formal or literary style to indicate an unexpected lack of soun
slammed	closed with a loud bang
squeaking	high, irritating noise
pounding	dull, beating sound (umsa-umsa)
creaked	noise of friction of wood or metal (skrzyp)
sizzled	sound made by frying
rang out	typically used for the sound of a gunshot
crashing	loud, heavy noise, typically used for waves
hoots, toots	sound made by a car horn
wailing	making a rising and falling sound
hammered	knocked very loudly and repeatedly (walić w drzwi)
eerie	rather scary
deafening	extremely and painfully loud
grating	unpleasant, irritating
piercing	high noise that hurts the ears
high-pitched	a constantly high level
you could have heard a pin drop	there was a total silence
I can't hear myself think	said when people are making too much noise
peace and quiet	calm and quiet period after a noisy time
to be as quiet as a mouse	very quiet indeed
weighty	[adj] about abstract and physical things; includes the ideas of 'seriousness'
unwieldy	[adj] about abstract and physical th; includes the idea of 'difficult to handle'
cumbersome	[adj] used for machines and equipment that is difficult to handle; and for systems structures
burdensome	[adj] generally used of abstracts ex. *** duty
ponderous	[adj] used for 'serious' abstracts but with more of a negative connotation (ex. thesis)
lumbering	[adj] used of physical things; 'heavy movement'
to be weighed down with	być obciążonym (walizkami bądż problemami)
weigh up	to consider and compare
weigh out	weigh a quantity of loose goods
weigh on somebody	to trouble somebody's mind
to weigh in	added more points to the argument (for instance) also: dodać
thicken	make thicker^^
to sift	shake it in a sieve to separate the grains (about flour)
to go lumpy	have solid pieces in it (about flour)
congealed	become thick and solid (about soup)
solidified	become solid (about curry powder in the packet)
to thin	make thinner^^
to dilute it / water it down	add water (still about food)
to thin out	become less dense
to thin somebody's hair out	to make hair less thick (wycieniowac)
impenetrable	[adj] impossible to move through
impermeable	[adj] no liquid or gas can pass through
impervious	[adj] liquid cannot pass through
pitch black	intensely black, about darkness, night etc
jet black	intensely black, about hair, eyes etc
scarlet	brilliant red
crimson	strong deep red
shocking pink	an extremely bright pink
ginger	orangy red, about hair and cats
navy	dark blue, used about clothes not eyes
turquoise	greenish blue
beige	a light creamy brown
mousy	a light not very interesting brown, used only about hair
chestnut	a deep reddish brown, used about hair and horses
auburn	a red-brown colour, usually used about hair
primary colours	kolory podstawowe
pastel colours	pastelowe barwy
mauve	pale purple
strong colours	mocne barwy (opposite of pastels)
vivid colours	strong, bight colours like scarlet
fluorescent	fluorescencyjne kolorki
electric	(blue or green) extremely bright
a tinge of	połysk... (jakiegoś koloru)
monochrome	jednokolorowy
to feel blue	depression
blue movie	pornoghraphic or reffering to sex
blue joke	sprośny kawał
blue-collar workers	physical or unskilled workers
to see red	to be verrry angry
red alert	danger, czerwony alarm
a red flag	danger, alert
red carpet tratment	special importance
a red-letter day	special importance ale mniej formalnie
red point of view	left-wing in politics
to look green	nausea,
turn / go green	zrobić się zielonym
turn green with envy	zzielenieć z zazdrości
green tourism / party	turism/party which take care for environment
black future	czarna przyszłość
to look as black as thunder	wkurzyć się
black market	illegal market
black sheep of the family	czarna owca w rodzinie
black mark	plama na honorze, piętno
a grey area	lack of clarity
grey matter / grey cells	parts of brains
white as snow	purity
whiter than white	so pure that it cannot be purer ;)
white as a sheet	after seeing a ghost (turn pale)
a white knuckle	terryfing
white-collar workers	office workers
race / dash / tear	verbs suggesting going very quickly on foot or by a means of transport
nip / pop / zip / dart / whizz	vers suggesting fast movement but are used mainly for going short disctance
bolt	verb suggests fast movement but with added association of running away from smth
career	something is moving rapidly without control
scamper / scurry / scuttle	small, rapid steps (tupotanie)
speed up, accelerate	verbs emphasise the fact that speed is increasing
plunge / plummet	verbs suggest a downward movement (wpaść [do wody] / spaść)
soar / rocket	a fast, upward movement
slump / tumble	suggest a rapid downward movement, used in a financial context
crawl / creep	verbs emphasise the slow motion (pełzać)
totter	suggests a fairly slow movement (chwiać się)
sidle	to walk anxiously and nervously
dawdle	to move more slowly than is necessary
to provoke	prowokować
precipitate / spark off	quickly / suddenly caused
to bring about	gradually produced
to result in	produced
affinity between / with	closeness; feeling that different things/people have much in common
akin to	similar in spirit/feel
analogy	see similarities that help us understand something
correspond to	is equal to / match
equate	consider as the same
tantamount to	the equivalent of
interchangeable	so similar that they could be exchanged one for the other
indistinguishable from	so similar you cannot see the difference
diverse	used of different types of something (różnorodny)
disparate	used of different types within a group, but emphasises separation and difference
dissimilar	often used with not; (niepodobny)
divergent	often used of contrasting opinions or ideas; (rozbieżne)
distinct	used to describe differences where one might be deceived by similarities
discrete	different and separate
a snag / a hitch / a setback / a glitch	fairly small difficulties
a stumbling block	is something that prevents action or agreement
a pitfall	is an unexpected difficulty
an obstacle	anything that stop progress
an impediment	something that prevents free action
a dilemma	a situation where a difficult choice has to be made between two alternatives
an ordeal	a severe experience which is very difficult, painful or tiring
adversity / hardship / afflication / tribulation	more formal words meaning difficulty
abstruse	difficult to understand [theory/argument/philosopher]
arduous	difficult,tiring,needing much effort [climb/task/jurney]
complex	difficult to understand as it has many parts [issue/problem/thoery]
convoluted	unreasonably long and hard to follow [explanation/sentences/theory]
gruelling	extremely tiring snd difficult [[journey/match/work/expedition]
insufferable	difficult to bear as it's annoying [behavior/heat/boredom/pain]
obstructive	causing deliberate difficulties [person/measure]
stiff	difficult to beat [oppostition/competision]
tough	difficult to deal or do [time/job/climate/decision]
traumatic	shocking and upsetting [experience/past/childhood]
wayward	changeable, selfish and hard to control [person/behaviour/child]
what a pain! / what a drag! / what a nuisance!	co za ból/ co za męka!
what's eating him / what's got into him / what's bugging him / what's up with him	co go męczy?
hassle	situation causing trouble
keep hassling	pestering, asking again and again
to slog your guts out / to grind / to graft /to flog yourself to death	to work hard
in a fix / in a spot / in a hole / up against it / up to one's neck	ina difficult situation
sticky / tricky	difficult (situation)
to be off the hok / in the clear / out of the woods	freed from a difficult situation
I should be so lucky	that is not likely
accidents will happen	accidents are inevitable (nieuniknione)
the odds are	it is likely that
the odds are against	it is unlikely that
be bound to	almost certain to
there is every likelihood	istnieje wszelkie prawdopodobieństwo...
if I were in your shoes/ in the same boat, I'd...	gdybym była w twojej sytuacji...
I hope you'll take this in the spirit in which it is intended	mam nadzieję, że dobrze mnie zrozumiesz
essential	to oczywiste...
obligatory	jest wymagane
to have no option but	nie mieliśmy wyjścia jak tylko...
compulsory	obowiązkowy, obliagatoryjny
optional	opcjonalne, do wybrania
determined/anxious/eager/resolved	(4 plus minus synonimy) być gotowym, zdeterminowanym
wishes/desires/yearns/longs	(4 plus minus synonimy) pragnąć, chcieć
recorded sightings	times seen thta have been officially written down
sustained	kept alive or supported
rodents	rats, mice, squirrels
expenditure	spending
factor	number by which another number or quantity is multiplied
IQ	intelligence quotient
per	for each (rates, prices)
aggregate	total / added up all the different amounts
a blip	temporary change
continuum	something that changes gradually or in very slight stages
correlation between	connection between facts or things which cause or affect each other
deviate	moved away from the standard or accepted pattern
discrepancy between	difference between two things that should be the same
erratic	not regular and often changing
flawed	inaccurate
fluctuate	go up and down (about prices)
a five-fold	multipled by the stated number
in inverse proportion to	in opposite proportion to
inconsistent with	not in agreement with
seesawed	went up and down (rates)
ballpark figure	guess believed to be accurate
tot everything up	add everything up (less formal)
run into six figures	get a figure over 100000
variables	different factors that may change
projected figures	planned figures
erred on the side of caution	been cautious (był uwazny, roztropny)
rounded things down	make, say, 2.5 into 2 rather 3
conservative	cautious
accede	accept but with unwillingness to
acquiesce	permit something to happen
assent	agree to something, associated with plans, proposals
authorise	give official permission
condone	approve or allow something which most people consider to be wrong
countenance	consider giving assent or permission (in negative context)
endorse	give official approval to something
give carte blanche	complete freedom to do whatever you think is necessary
give the go-ahead / green light	give permission for the building to start
to bar	officially exclude, forbid someone access to soemthing
to clamp down	use one's full power to prevent or limit something
to outlaw	make something illegal
veto	use one's official power to forbid
complain about	express dissatisfaction or annoyance
protest about	strongly express complaint, disapproval
object to	be against something
remonstrate against	complain to someone or about something
find fault with	criticise or complain about even small mistakes
grumble about	complain in a quiet but angry way
gripe about	to complain continuously
grouse about	to complain, usually often
whinge about	complain persistently
sincere / heartfelt apology	szczere / łapiące za serce przeprosiny
good/perfect/lame/weak excuse	dobra/doskonała/kiepska/słaba wymówka
cast-iron/convincing/perfect/phoney alibi	żelazne/przekonujące/doskonałe/fałszywe alibi
flimsy/false pretext	błahy/nieprawdziwy pretekst
remorse	feeling of guilt or regret
acquitted	declared not guilty
repented	said he was sorry and asked for forgiveness
reprieve	official order stopping or delaying punishment
posthumous pardon for	official forgiveness after someone's death for crimes they were unjustly convicted 4
exonerated	declared someone to be free of blame
armistice	[declared/signed an...] agreement to stop war while peace discussions take place
truce	declaration that fighting will stop for a period
accord	[signed a peace...] agreement not to fight , or to work together peacefully
treaty	written agreement between countries agreeing to end a war or not fight
to pay someone compliments	nagradzać komplementami (czy cuś^^)
fishing for compliments	polować na komplementy
take it as a compliment	weź to za komplement
back-handed compliment	taki komplement ze nie wiadomo czy sie smiac czy plakac
double-edged compliment	komplement z drugim dnem
give praise to	chwalić
praiseworthy	osoba godna pochwał
be praised for	być chwalonym za...
widely/highly praised	szeroko/bardo chwalony
praised to the skies	wychwalany do nieba
to sing someone's/something's praises	tak jakby się cieszyć z czyichś pochwał
to shower / heap praise on someone	przegiąć z wychwalaniem (zasypać kogoś pochwałami)
to damn someone with faint praise	to praise with such a lack of enthusiasm that you give an impression of having negative feelings
pay tribute to	praise (formal)
give someone a standing ovation	stand up and clap loudly for a long time
extol the virtues / benefits of	praise highly
be the toast of	be admired for some recent achievement
pat someone on the back / give someone a pat on the back	praise, often children
earn/win plaudits	get possitive comments
laud	praise highly in official situations
to flatter / to make up to / to crawl / to suck up to / to lick someone's boots	wazeliniarstwo
smarmy / slimy / crawler / servile / obsequious	dupowlaz
to promise someone the earth/moon	promise a great deal
oath	a formal promise/an example of taboo language
be put on/under oath	być pod przysięgą
swear words	chuje, kurwy i inne jebactwa
to pledge	to promise something, money or relationship
to vow	to make a determined decision or promise to do something
to bet	to risk your money on the unknown result of something in the hope of winning money
stake	postawic kaske na cos
wager	more formal bet
have a flutter on	having a small bet
rose-tinted spectacles	różowe okluary